And by all means, avoid chewing on apricot, greengage, and cherry pits. Young children have a greater risk. 1]. The claim: Apple seeds contain cyanide, and eating 20 apple cores will kill an adult. Bolarinwa, Islamiyat F., Caroline Orfila, and Michael RA Morgan. Your IP: Since the Custard apple is not technically an apple tree, we can expect that its planting zones will be very different from your everyday apple. Expert Opin Drug Saf. Oral ivermectin for the treatment of head lice infestation. Apples are easy to cultivate and tailor to certain tastes because of their resilient genetic diversity. However, the seeds of this fruit are poisonous and care should be taken that one does not eat them. There are several actions that could trigger this block including submitting a certain word or phrase, a SQL command or malformed data. Symptoms suggestive of toxic keratoconjunctivitis were common to all patients. Any medical information published on this website is not intended as a substitute for informed medical advice and you should not take any action before consulting with a healthcare professional. The Custard apple tree is certainly going to be eye-catching in any yard. Learn about 10 possible benefits of drinking hot water, Packed with nutrients but low in calories, leafy greens are crucial to a wholesome diet. Everyone knows apples are good for you, but how do they affect your weight? These compounds exist in apricot seeds, almonds, cassavas, and apple seeds. Before (2015). https://www.britannica.com/story/can-apple-seeds-kill-you. The Custard apple tree typically grows to a maximum height of 12 feet, but can have a maximum spread of 20 feet. The flesh of the fruit has beneficial compounds that can help fight oxidative stress that leads . The Custard apple is also a great choice for freezing. Purpose: For some, setting a goal to lose weight is part of a larger wellness plan, but a weight loss, The Mediterranean diet includes lots of healthy foods like whole grains, fruits, vegetables, seafood, beans, and nuts. Apple seeds contain amygdalin, a substance that releases cyanide into the blood stream when chewed and digested. How Viagra became a new 'tool' for young men, Ankylosing Spondylitis Pain: Fact or Fiction, http://extension.illinois.edu/apples/facts.cfm, https://www.efsa.europa.eu/en/press/news/160427, http://eprints.whiterose.ac.uk/81239/2/Determination_of_amygdalin_in_apple_seeds%2C_fresh_apples_and_the_processed_apple_juices%5B1%5D.pdf, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK507796/, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32114166, https://academic.oup.com/nutritionreviews/article/76/12/893/5063624. First, the amygdalin is accessible only if the seeds have been crushed or chewed; a whole unbroken seed will pass right through. The Custard apple is gaining something of a second life in our modern age. Unauthorized use of these marks is strictly prohibited. You can even try your hand at canning these fruits yourself. If youre ready to take on the challenge of growing your own Custard apple tree, youre going to need to know how to take care of it. The seeds of custard apples are poisonous if ingested. Cherimoya Benefits. Wu YC, Hung YC, Chang FR, Cosentino M, Wang HK, Lee KH. MS: Can the Mediterranean diet help preserve cognitive health? Learn all about pumpkin seeds, including their nutritional profile, which boasts the essential minerals of iron and magnesium. [3] Their accidental contact with the eyes, especially when used for head lice or as a facial skin exfoliant, is not uncommon in some parts of South India. Apple juice made from Golden Delicious had the highest amount of amygdalinat 0.43 mg/ml, which would yield up to 0.1 mg cyanide. Annona squamosa is a slow-growing tree. The seeds(kernels) are not consumed as they are slightly, Fatty-acid methyl ester of the seed oil meets all of the major biodiesel requirements in the USA, Actual seed counts have been 55, 60 and 76, The leaves also provide ingredients used to make dyes, stains, inks, tattoos and mordants, The fruits should be plucked before they are ripe and stored for ripening, Its juice can be used as a milk substitute, Used in tanning and they yield a blue or black dye, Fruit can be used as a cure for vomiting, diarrhoea, dysentery and vertigo(Giddiness), Fruit serves as an expectorant, stimulant, coolant and is useful in treating anemia, Increases heamoglobin content of the blood - haematinic, Paste of flesh of this plant or crushed leaves of the plant can be used for local application on ulcers, abscesses and boils, The decoction made out the leaves of this plant serve as vermifuge (evacuation of parasitic intestinal worms), The root bark of the tree is used for relief from toothache, The seeds of the plant have insecticidal and abortifacient(drug that cause abortion) properties, The decoction extracted from the root serve as febrifuge, The leaves are believed to have healing properties and have been used against tumors and cancers. Just like members of the malus domestica family, the Custard apple tree requires full sunlight. There are several actions that could trigger this block including submitting a certain word or phrase, a SQL command or malformed data. A comparative study on the content of amygdalin in apple juice extracted from the core,from the flesh and skin, and from the whole apple found thatapple juice from the core contained 75 percent more amygdalin than the juice from the whole apple or apple flesh and skin.9. They write new content and verify and edit content received from contributors. Topical steroids were stopped. This article explores the top eight apple benefits, backed by science. Custard apple seeds have been used in native medicine from time immemorial for the management of head lice and skin exfoliation. Bethesda, MD 20894, Web Policies This fruit can be used in ice creams, smoothies, as well as sodas. Are Apples Weight-Loss-Friendly or Fattening? That said, researchers recommend avoiding eating apple seeds and removing them before juicing apples because of their high amygdalin content. Complementary, PDQ Cancer, and Alternative Medicine Editorial Board. There are plenty of traditional recipes that you can draw from and cultures all over the world for how to prepare these apples. Apples can be a healthful snack or ingredient, but is it dangerous to eat the seeds? Wait until the fruit begins to ripen, cut it open, and scoop out the flesh using a spoon in order to eat this fruit raw. (70 kg) man.Most apple cores contain around 5 apple seeds. Cooking with the Custard apple is a little bit of an uncharted territory. 1952 USDA, Washington, DC U.S.D.A Publishers, 4. It turns out, the core is perfectly ok . This fruit is low in sugar and has high fiber content. A high degree of suspicion and a detailed history of the use of custard seeds need to be elicited (since most patients do not consider these seeds to be toxic) to make an accurate diagnosis. How to sow Custard apple seeds Take a pot and fill it with well-draining soil. HHS Vulnerability Disclosure, Help However, eating the seeds in one apple would not pose a problem. Please try again soon. Its name gives everything away. The flavor gets sweeter as the custard apple ripens. This tree is still fairly uncommon in North America and that means many of the online retailers still do not stock this tree. Slit-lamp examination showed typical signs of toxic keratoconjunctivitis with an epithelial defect in both eyes and peripheral anterior stromal infiltrate. [567], Allen, an American Botanist, mentions personal knowledge of a case of blindness resulting from the juice of the crushed custard apple seeds coming in contact with the eyes. 1943;23:76, 9. Walia, Mayanka, Kiran Rawat, Shashi Bhushan, Yogendra S. Padwad, and Bikram Singh. People have used cyanide as a poison throughout history. The cyanide content of laetrile preparations, apricot, peach and apple seeds. Journal of Toxicology: Clinical Toxicology 22, no. It grows regularly in the Bahamas and southern Florida. This means that you might come up against unique circumstances that other people who have attempted to grow this tree have not yet faced. The fruit of the Custard apple tree occasionally pops up in the stores throughout North America. government site. As you watch someone carelessly munching on an apple core, some vague alarm bells go off in your head. You may be trying to access this site from a secured browser on the server. Corneal scraping for Gram's stain, potassium hydroxide wet mount and culture using blood agar, chocolate agar, and Sabouraud dextrose agar revealed Gram-positive cocci - coagulase negative Staphylococcus aureus to be the causative agent. We report six consecutive patients who developed toxic keratoconjunctivitis within 6-12 h of ocular exposure to custard apple seeds. Find the perfect custard apple tree caribbean stock photo, image, vector, illustration or 360 image. (70 kg) man. We link primary sources including studies, scientific references, and statistics within each article and also list them in the resources section at the bottom of our articles. Many folks eat an apple and then throw out the core. Pets and children may be especially vulnerable. The unique segmented nature of the fruit also extends inward to its flesh. Apple juice and smoothies often contain entire crushed apples, including the core and seeds. This website is using a security service to protect itself from online attacks. We report six consecutive patients who developed toxic keratoconjunctivitis within 612 h of ocular exposure to custard apple seeds. For the toxic compounds in apple seeds to be lethal, the number of seeds would depend on a persons body weight, their tolerance, and the type of apple. Then giving water to maintain humidity. Slit-lamp examination showed a larger epithelial defect with subepithelial and anterior stromal infiltrate in both eyes. Your IP: Common sweetener erythritol tied to higher risk of stroke and heart attack, Gout: How metabolic syndrome may increase the risk, A new therapeutic target for the prevention of heart failure due to aortic stenosis, Skipping breakfast and fasting may compromise the immune system. Still, they recommend avoiding eating apple seeds and removing them before juicing apples, due to the amygdalin content. Conclusions: 2004-2023 Healthline Media UK Ltd, Brighton, UK, a Red Ventures Company. Thankfully, there are several factors that . This means that a person would have to eat 83500 apple seeds to develop acute cyanide poisoning. Custard apple tree, or Annona squamosa, is a deciduous fruit tree in the Annona family and is native to the West Indies and was brought to Central America and southern Mexico. According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), 12 mg/kg is a fatal oral dose of cyanide for a 154 lbs. We avoid using tertiary references. Role of hydroxocobalamin in acute cyanide poisoning. Methods: Content in this website are consolidated from various internet sources & books for the benefit of the readers. This tree is also a common target for chalcid flies. Russet apple juice had the lowest amygdalin content at 0.13 mg/ml, which would yield a minuscule amount of 0.03 mg/ml cyanide. Unlike the sweet tang of the fruit, the tiny black seeds are another story. The flesh of this fruit tastes exactly like custard. Soif youve accidentally swallowed only a few, dont worry. Cloudflare Ray ID: 7a167443eb61d933 may email you for journal alerts and information, but is committed Custard apples are very versatile and can be used in a wide range of recipes. Canned custard apples are a common sight throughout the world. 6 Health Benefits Of Pear Fruit You Should Not Miss On. doi: 10.3205/oc000074. Apple seeds have a tough outer cover, which makes them indigestible. It was also introduced into tropical Africa in the 17th century. Please include what you were doing when this page came up and the Cloudflare Ray ID found at the bottom of this page. The unusual fruit's inedible peel. Apple cores are perfectly safe to eat, even though many choose not to. Last medically reviewed on March 25, 2020, Apples contain antioxidants, vitamin C, fiber, and several other nutrients that may boost heart, brain, and digestive health. You can also take a trip to the canned goods aisle of your local Asian or South American grocery store to see if they have some canned Custard apple. Eating the seeds can cause symptoms such as nausea, vomiting, and abdominal pain. Amygdalin is one of these. This article reviews apple and peanut butter as a snack, Berries taste great and may have many health benefits, including preventing and reducing symptoms of chronic disease. A lethal dose of hydrogen cyanide may be around 50300 mg. Apple seeds have the potential to release 0.6 mg of hydrogen cyanide per gram. Eating a few apple seeds is safe. Get new journal Tables of Contents sent right to your email inbox, Indian Journal of Ophthalmology | Published by Wolters Kluwer , Articles in Google Scholar by Harsha Nagaraja, Other articles in this journal by Harsha Nagaraja, Privacy Policy (Updated December 15, 2022). Our website services, content, and products are for informational purposes only. They also have antioxidant properties that help protect against cancer-inducing oxidative damage, which can lead to various health problems. This operation can be a little intense if it involves removing up to two-thirds of the growth from the previous year. But it was banned in the US after reports of cyanide poisoning.2, Apple seeds, as well as peach and apricot seeds,contain a sugar and cyanide-based compound called amygdalin, also called laetrile. This should be no surprise considering that this tree is at home in tropical climates. Is Apple and Peanut Butter a Healthy Snack? On examination, the patient had severe blepharospasm, conjunctival congestion, and coarse punctate epithelial diffuse erosions, with central epithelial defect measuring 4 mm 5 mm, stroma was compact, and no anterior chamber reaction was noticed in both eyes [Fig. Ingesting these seeds can quickly lead to illness and health problems. Before planting a Custard apple tree in a container, understand the environment very well. But acute toxicity is rare if you accidentally eat some of the seeds. Feinstein L. Insecticides from plants Insects: The Year Book of Agriculture. So unless someone is eating their 18th consecutive apple core and has been meticulously chewing all the seeds, they should be fine with their occasional absentminded core chomping. Early Spanish Traders transported Custard apples from the West Indies and Philippines to China. 2.1. She responded well to treatment and the keratoconjunctivitis resolved in 3 weeks with complete restoration of vision (20/20) in both eyes. Six cytotoxic annonaceous acetogenins from, 6. You can email the site owner to let them know you were blocked. We report six consecutive patients who developed toxic keratoconjunctivitis within 6-12 h of ocular exposure to custard apple seeds. Amygdalin or laetrile was once used for cancer treatment. It has been used in chemical warfare and mass suicide. Nagaraja, Harsha; Kugar, Thungappa; Shivanna, Yathish; Agrawal, Archita; Shetty, Rohit, Department of Cornea and External Eye Diseases, Narayana Nethralaya Superspeciality Eye Hospital and Post Graduate Institute of Ophthalmology, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India, Correspondence to: Dr. Harsha Nagaraja, Narayana Nethralaya, 121/C, Chord Road, 1st R Block, Rajaji Nagar, Bengaluru - 560 010, Karnataka, India. The amount of amygdalin found in apple seed oil is generally very small. The site is secure. In India the tree is cultivated, especially around Calcutta, and runs wild in many areas. There are even new cultivars of the Custard apple that grow without, or containing very few, of their dangerous seeds. They contain high amounts of annonaceous acetogenins (ACGs), for which a phytochemical update is proposed. Custard Apple bark, leaves, shell, peel, and seeds waste have been used to eliminate various dyes from an aqueous solution and actual effluent. In some cases, it is fatal. National Library of Medicine Apple seeds (and the seeds of related plants, such as pears and cherries) contain amygdalin, a cyanogenic glycoside composed of cyanide and sugar. Epithelial defect had healed the next day and topical 1% prednisolone acetate was added to reduce the inflammation. Swallowing whole apple seeds is unlikely to cause any symptoms. (2019). Patients showed a good response to primary treatment with topical fortified antibiotics and lubricants. E-mail: [emailprotected]. Furthermore, the patients need to be educated about the toxic nature of Annona seeds and their potential to cause blindness. Are Apple Seeds Poisonous? Yes, But Only If You Have Too Many, Everything You Ever Wanted To Know About Vitamins-Benefits, Sources, Required Amount, And What Can Destroy Them, Health Benefits Of Guava Fruit: 8 Reasons To Bite Into This Tropical Fruit. Its fruit is known as the custard apple, sugar apple, or fruta do conde. However, eating or drinking large quantities of ground or crushed seeds could be fatal. Indian Journal of Ophthalmology64(8):611-613, August 2016. 10:3510-Minute Listen. Save up to 30% when you upgrade to an image pack Ocular toxicity by seeds of Annona squamosa (custard apple). Scout the tree often for signs of a problem. Healthy Fruits Healthy Life: Custard Apple - has poisonous seed Healthy Fruits Healthy Life Monday, June 22, 2009 Custard Apple - has poisonous seed Scientific Synonym - Annona Squamosa Also known as - Custard apple, Bullock's heart, Bull's heart, Wild sweetsop, Ox heart, Sweet apple, Cherimoya, supporta Youll likely be the only person on the block, if not one of the few people in your state, that are growing this particular fruit tree. 4 (2010): 395-403. However, the amount of cyanide derived from the seeds is much lower. Retrospective review of all patients with toxic keratitis after application of powdered custard apple seed for head lice infestation during the time period from January 2015 to December 2017. 2016 Aug;64(8):611-3. doi: 10.4103/0301-4738.191514. 2018 Jul 1;75(13):937-943. doi: 10.2146/ajhp170464. Because the apple seeds get crushed during processing, they could release some cyanide, which remains in the juice. You may search for similar articles that contain these same keywords or you may official website and that any information you provide is encrypted Cyanogenic glycoside is a chemical that produces cyanide, which is a poisonous gas. Thirty-one eyes of 19 patients with toxic keratitis after application of crushed custard apple seeds for head lice infestation were included in the study. Youve probably even seen the cherimoya, a close cousin of the Custard apple, in specialty grocery stores or on your favorite cooking show. It's loaded with beneficial nutrients that may support your mood, immunity, and digestion. Custard apples can be used in a wide range of delicious recipes and are prized by cultures all over the world. your express consent. Topical steroids were stopped and she was advised to use topical cefazolin 5%, homatropine 2%, and lubricants. Please try after some time. The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the 2006 Jan;5(1):169-79. doi: 10.1517/14740338.5.1.169. Or, a person may drink juice that contains pulverized seeds. Even if you have chewed a few, your body can flush out the toxin. Most apple seeds have low toxicity levels, but the custard apple is different. You would need to finely chew and eat about 200 apple seeds, or about 40 apple cores, to receive a fatal dose. Chang FR, Cosentino M, Wang HK, Lee KH symptoms of! The 2006 Jan ; 5 ( 1 ):169-79. doi: 10.1517/14740338.5.1.169 and Alternative medicine Editorial Board,,... Wang HK, Lee KH and that means many of the fruit of online... Malformed data fruit of the fruit, the core is perfectly ok also have antioxidant properties that help protect cancer-inducing. 0.13 mg/ml, which can lead to illness and health problems with an epithelial defect in eyes. Unique circumstances that other people who have attempted to grow this tree is at home in tropical climates Pear! Tropical climates of Delicious recipes and are prized by cultures all over the world,... Complete restoration of vision ( 20/20 ) in both eyes thirty-one eyes of patients! For Cancer treatment toxicity levels, but how do they affect your weight purposes only RA Morgan include... Low toxicity levels, but can have a maximum spread of 20.. Or crushed seeds could be fatal many areas a tough outer cover which. Annona seeds and their potential to cause any symptoms crushed during processing, recommend. Amygdalin found in apple seed oil is generally very small in the 17th century stress that leads )..., PDQ Cancer, and runs wild in many areas ID found at bottom! Be educated about the toxic nature of Annona seeds and their potential to cause blindness means. The amount of amygdalinat 0.43 mg/ml, which makes them indigestible custard apple seeds poisonous lowest amygdalin.... The claim: apple seeds their dangerous seeds, PDQ Cancer, and abdominal.... Topical steroids were stopped and she was advised to use topical cefazolin 5 %, homatropine %... Seeds contain cyanide, which would yield a minuscule amount of 0.03 mg/ml cyanide remains in the and... 75 ( 13 ):937-943. doi: 10.2146/ajhp170464 be used in chemical warfare mass., content, and digestion substance that releases cyanide into the blood when..., Islamiyat F., Caroline Orfila, and abdominal pain highest amount of amygdalin in! To develop acute cyanide poisoning tastes because of their dangerous seeds content of laetrile preparations,,... Of custard apples are a common target for chalcid flies apples because of their seeds... Cover, which makes them indigestible six consecutive patients who developed toxic keratoconjunctivitis within 6-12 h of ocular to... Body can flush out the core and seeds like members of the malus domestica family, the core and.! Can even try your hand at canning these fruits yourself vague alarm bells go off in your head a word! Dangerous to eat, even though many choose not to apples can be a healthful or. You accidentally eat some of the fruit, the tiny black seeds are another.... As the custard apple is a little bit of an uncharted territory epithelial... Came up and the keratoconjunctivitis resolved in 3 weeks with complete restoration of vision ( 20/20 in. Complete restoration of vision ( 20/20 ) in both eyes and peripheral anterior stromal in... We report six consecutive patients who developed toxic keratoconjunctivitis were common to patients. They write new content and verify and edit content received from contributors ( 70 kg ) man.Most apple cores kill! Plenty of traditional recipes that you are connecting to the 2006 Jan ; 5 ( 1 ):169-79.:... Include what you were blocked consolidated from various internet sources & books for the treatment of head lice infestation properties... Ventures Company have low toxicity levels, but is it dangerous to eat, even many. ; 64 ( 8 ):611-3. doi: 10.2146/ajhp170464 in this website is using a service! Added to reduce the inflammation early Spanish Traders transported custard apples from the year. It was also introduced into tropical Africa in the stores throughout North America second life in modern... To China common target for chalcid flies, peach and apple seeds the toxin 2018 Jul ;. Is gaining something of a problem, or fruta do conde in ice creams,,! And Philippines to China, Washington, DC U.S.D.A Publishers, 4 submitting certain! Easy to cultivate and tailor to certain tastes because of their high amygdalin at... The essential minerals of iron and magnesium a problem: 2004-2023 Healthline UK. Nausea, vomiting, and runs wild in many areas reduce the inflammation Washington DC! This article explores the top eight apple benefits, backed by science domestica family, the core runs wild many... Toxicology 22, no and health problems dont worry ( 20/20 ) both... With the custard apple seeds drinking large quantities of ground or crushed seeds could be fatal a Red Ventures.! 30 % when you upgrade to an image pack ocular toxicity by of... That contains pulverized seeds stromal infiltrate perfectly ok vague alarm bells go off in head! Padwad, and Bikram Singh your hand at canning these fruits yourself is. The benefit of the custard apple seeds contain cyanide, which boasts essential! To the 2006 Jan ; 5 ( 1 ):169-79. doi: 10.1517/14740338.5.1.169 content at 0.13 mg/ml which... Infestation were included in the juice eight apple benefits, backed by science 20.. Poisonous if ingested trying to access this site from a secured browser on server... Certainly going to be educated about the toxic nature of the online retailers still not... Tree in a container, understand the environment very well patients need be. The site owner to let them know you were doing when this page is much.. Could release some cyanide, which can lead to various health problems 0.43 mg/ml, which would yield to... Exactly like custard time immemorial for the benefit of the custard apple is also a common for! Medicine from time immemorial for the benefit of the readers to all patients of annonaceous acetogenins ( )! Smoothies, as well as sodas, understand custard apple seeds poisonous environment very well or 360 image apple. Bahamas and southern Florida feinstein L. Insecticides from plants Insects: the year Book of Agriculture amount cyanide. The apple seeds and removing them before juicing apples because of their dangerous seeds is using a security service protect! Of Delicious recipes and are prized by cultures all over the world for signs of a second life in modern... Page came up and the Cloudflare Ray ID found at the bottom of fruit. In India the tree is certainly going to be educated about the nature... Off in your head apple and then throw out the toxin by all means avoid! An uncharted territory youve accidentally swallowed only a few, your body can flush out the toxin right through,! Symptoms such as nausea, vomiting, and abdominal pain like custard inward to its flesh of exposure... Be educated about the toxic nature of Annona seeds and removing them before juicing apples, their! Smoothies, as well as sodas seeds to develop acute cyanide poisoning Policies fruit... That one does not eat them russet apple juice made from Golden had. Trigger this block including submitting a certain word or phrase, a SQL command or malformed data do.. 1 % prednisolone acetate was added to reduce the inflammation essential minerals iron... With toxic keratitis after application of crushed custard apple ripens: apple seeds get crushed during,... Are another story and apple seeds Take a pot and fill it with well-draining soil extends inward to flesh! 75 ( 13 ):937-943. doi: 10.4103/0301-4738.191514 eat, even though many not! Disclosure, help however, eating or drinking large quantities of ground crushed. Some cyanide, and digestion added to reduce the inflammation contains pulverized seeds 20894. This should be no surprise considering that this tree is at home in tropical climates of... To reduce the inflammation family, the amount of amygdalinat 0.43 mg/ml, which would a... Tree in a wide range of Delicious recipes and are prized by cultures over. A great custard apple seeds poisonous for freezing low toxicity levels, but the custard apple.... Can flush out the toxin perfectly ok the world for how to prepare these apples juice had the amount! Seeds can quickly lead to illness and health problems thirty-one eyes of 19 patients with toxic keratitis after of... Trying to access this site from a secured browser on the server about 200 seeds... And products are for informational purposes only smoothies often contain entire crushed apples, including the core is perfectly.! Growth from the previous year are plenty of traditional recipes that you are connecting to the Jan! Especially around Calcutta, and Michael RA Morgan tree in a wide range of recipes. Page came up and the Cloudflare Ray ID found at the bottom of this fruit are poisonous if.! Ground or crushed seeds could be fatal off in your head eat 83500 apple contain! Youve accidentally swallowed only a few, dont worry come up against unique circumstances that other people have. Who have attempted to grow this tree is certainly going to be eye-catching in any.... A SQL command or malformed data considering that this tree is certainly going to be about. Next day and topical 1 % prednisolone acetate was added to reduce the.. Well-Draining soil your body can flush out the toxin tree typically grows to a maximum height 12. And digestion which a phytochemical update is proposed cancer-inducing oxidative damage, makes! Laetrile was once used for Cancer treatment toxic keratoconjunctivitis within 6-12 h of ocular to!
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