Garber JR, Cobin RH, Gharib H, Hennessey JV, Klein IL, Mechanick JI, Pessah-Pollack R, Singer P, Woeber KA: Clinical Practice Guidelines for Hypothyroidism in Adults Co-sponsored by the American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists (AACE) and the American Thyroid Association, Inc.(ATA). For this study, we recorded the results by retrospectively reviewing the cytological reports. If the swelling is severe, a doctor might prescribe an oral steroid like prednisone. We also analyzed each US feature of 1399 nodules according to underlying thyroid gland echogenicity while excluding nodules which were diagnosed with lymphocytic thyroiditis to eliminate the lymphocytic thyroiditis effect on US diagnostic performance (Table4). seer.cancer.gov/statfacts/html/thyro.html, endocrinesurgery.ucsf.edu/conditions--procedures/goiter.aspx, my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/12625-goiter/management-and-treatment, ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3018974/, mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/goiter/symptoms-causes/syc-20351829, https://www.fda.gov/safety/recalls-market-withdrawals-safety-alerts, hormone.org/diseases-and-conditions/thyroid/thyroid-nodules, What You Should Know About Thyroid Nodules, Hypothyroidism (Underactive Thyroid): Everything You Need to Know, Multinodular Goiter: What You Need to Know, Aspen Green Review: Brand, Products, And More, Dominique Fontaine, BSN, RN, HNB-BC, HWNC-BC, 9 Natural Sleep Aids That May Help You Get Some Shut-Eye, an autoimmune disease, such as Hashimotos or Graves disease, medications, such as interferon and amiodarone, if the goiter is large enough to cause other symptoms. Thyroid cancer (papillary and follicular). Heterogeneous echogenicity of the thyroid gland significantly lowers the specificity, PPV, and accuracy of US in the differentiation of thyroid nodules. FOIA I have multiple heterogeneous hypoechoic nodules at both lobe of thyroid gland and right isthmus? Right Lobe: 5.2 x 1.6 x 1.5 cm, volume 6 cc WebNo discrete nodule is identified in the righ tlobe. PMC The echogenicity refers to the brightness of a thyroid nodule relative to the rest of the thyroid tissue. In other word, physicians may have a higher chance to interpret a benign nodule as microlobulated or irregular margin on US in the underlying heterogeneous thyroid echogenicity group than in the underlying homogeneous thyroid echogenicity group, which explains the lower specificity of US in the underlying heterogeneous thyroid echogenicity group. official website and that any information you provide is encrypted However, other characteristics, such as size, may also indicate the potential risk of a nodule developing into thyroid cancer. 10.1089/thy.2008.0354. Policy. These include: Hashimoto thyroiditis Graves disease The presence of heterogenous thyroid echogenicity may reduce sensitivity of detection of thyroid nodules. Patients with Graves disease were defined as positive for TBII. Goiter: Management and treatment. Unable to process the form. Thyroid. Eur Radiol. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0 TSH is responsible for telling the thyroid if it needs to release more T4 and T3. If a doctor suspects that a thyroid nodule may be cancerous, they will recommend additional testing, such as blood tests and biopsies. Samulski TD, Shutty C, LiVolsi VA, Montone K, Baloch Z. Diagn Cytopathol. Theres an increased risk of thyroid cancer in nodules found in children and adolescents compared to adults. The US-FNAs were performed either on the thyroid nodule with suspicious US features or on the largest thyroid nodule if no suspicious US features were detected. A scientist will then examine the tissue sample under a microscope to check for the presence of cancerous cells. This imaging technique uses high-frequency sound waves to produce images of your thyroid gland. The symptoms, diagnosis and treatment of thyroid nodules for children are the same as for adults (as detailed in the above sections). Doctors typically evaluate thyroid nodules using ultrasound scans. An ultrasound scan uses high-frequency sound waves to create an image of the inside of the body. The main treatment for cancerous nodules is surgical removal of part or all of the thyroid gland. Surgery. Nodules can form for various reasons, and there are different types, including: Sometimes you can feel or see a thyroid nodule yourself, or your healthcare provider may discover it during a physical exam. These hormones play a role in certain bodily functions, including: More than 90% of detected nodules in adults are noncancerous (benign), but they may represent thyroid cancer in approximately 4.0% to 6.5% of cases. Intern Med. Hypervascular and heterogeneous thyroid gland, Heterogeneous thyroid gland without discrete nodule means. In benign thyroid nodules, microlobulated or irregular margins on US were more frequently seen in nodules in a thyroid gland with heterogeneous echogenicity than in those with homogenous echogenicity (P<0.001) (Figure3). Initially non-diagnostic ultrasound-guided fine needle aspiration cytology of thyroid nodules: value and management. Common sweetener erythritol tied to higher risk of stroke and heart attack, Gout: How metabolic syndrome may increase the risk, A new therapeutic target for the prevention of heart failure due to aortic stenosis, Skipping breakfast and fasting may compromise the immune system, Debra Rose Wilson, Ph.D., MSN, R.N., IBCLC, AHN-BC, CHT, Signs and symptoms of medullary thyroid cancer, All you need to know about thyroglossal duct cysts, Thyroid nodule symptoms, treatment, causes, and all else you need to know, Nicole Leigh Aaronson, MD, MBA, CPE, FACS, FAAP, Hashimotos thyroiditis, which is an underlying autoimmune condition and the most common cause of, Iodine deficiency, which can also lead to an enlarged thyroid gland, or. It's basically harmless and. I have Toxic Multinodular Goiter with resulting hyperthyroidism and my TSH is very low at .28 I have similar symptoms with the difficulty swallowing and pain in the throat. Cancer Res Treat. http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2407/13/550/prepub, https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0. See this image and copyright information in PMC. If a doctor suspects that a thyroid nodule is cancerous, they will usually recommend a thyroidectomy, which is a surgical procedure to remove part or all of the thyroid gland. An abnormal thyroid gland pattern on US not only helps the diagnosis of asymptomatic DTD [16, 27] but it can also be a good diagnostic predictor in patients with subclinical to overt hypothyroidism when combined with TPOAb and TgAb [28, 29]. 1991;72:209213. California Privacy Statement, Hou Y, Chen C, Zhang L, Zhou W, Lu Q, Jia X, Zhang J, Guo C, Qin Y, Zhu L, Zuo M, Xiao J, Huang L, Zhan W. Front Oncol. (a) Transverse and (b) longitudinal US showed 7-mm irregular, hypoechoic nodule (arrows) in heterogeneous echogenicity of the underlying thyroid gland in the left thyroid gland. For potential or actual medical emergencies, immediately call 911 or your local emergency service. Surgery and radioiodine therapy arent recommended during pregnancy. Between June 2009 and August 2009, there were 1,534 consecutive patients with 1,632 thyroid nodules who underwent US-guided fine needle aspiration (US-FNA) on focal thyroid nodules larger than 5mm in our institution (a referral center) in Korea. Epub 2020 Sep 17. Nodule: Heterogeneous gland means you don't have a smooth gland. 10.1158/1055-9965.EPI-08-0960. Results: volume13, Articlenumber:550 (2013) Article Each US feature of malignant and benign thyroid nodules was analyzed according to underlying echogenicity to evaluate which feature affected the final diagnosis. Science. Some thyroid nodules can be cancerous, but its impossible to tell this from just a physical exam or blood test. (n.d.). Clin Radiol. These nodules are relatively common and are usually harmless, but there is a very low risk of thyroid cancer. 2010, 20: 167-172. The production and release of these hormones is regulated by the pituitary gland. Webnodule refers to hyperthyroidism with one or two hyperfunc-tioning thyroid nodules.20 Such nodule, while functioning independently of the normal pituitary-thyroid control axis, produces excessive thyroid hormone and suppresses thy-rotropin. Third, the underlying parenchymal echogenicity of the thyroid gland was only classified into two categories in this study homogeneous echogenicity and heterogeneous hypoechogenicity and subcategories were not considered. Five experienced cytopathologists interpreted the cytology slides. Grigoriu C, et al. Cookies policy. In acute focal Hashimoto thyroiditis, discrete nodules occur in nearly equal frequency against a background of diffuse Hashimoto thyroiditis or normal thyroid parenchyma. 10.1001/archsurg.1955.01270080137023. 10/20TSH 9.7/T4Free1.46/ T3Free2.1, swallowing & throat discomfort. This site needs JavaScript to work properly. Therefore, a selection bias may exist. Thyromegaly is a disorder in which the thyroid gland the butterfly-shaped gland in the neck becomes abnormally enlarged. AJR Am J Roentgenol. Echogenicity was categorized in three groups: (I) mild (n=119); (II) moderate (n=139); (III) marked (n=120). Gender was not associated with malignancy (P=0.954). 2000, 10: 251-259. diffusely enlarged thyroid gland with a heterogeneous echotexture is a common sonographic presentation (especially initial phase) 6 the glands may be atrophic 1955, 70: 291-297. Didn't find the answer you were looking for? Therefore, we do not think that this limitation has a strong influence on the value or result of this study. Google Scholar. Video chat with a U.S. board-certified doctor 24/7 in less than one minute for common issues such as: colds and coughs, stomach symptoms, bladder infections, rashes, and more. These hormones are involved in the regulation of your bodys metabolism, heart rate, respiration, digestion, and mood. When diagnosed in its early stages, most people with thyroid cancer respond well to treatment. No An enlarged thyroid gland is exactly what it says. They also occur more often in people who live in countries in which food isnt fortified with iodine. Thyroid nodules are lumps that can develop on the thyroid gland. These include: WebHeterogeneous means that thyroid appears to be composed of unrelated or varied elements. Takashima S, Matsuzuka F, Nagareda T, Tomiyama N, Kozuka T: Thyroid nodules associated with Hashimoto thyroiditis: assessment with US. 3.4 to 3.7 cm. Thyroid glands with heterogeneous echogenicity showed significantly lower specificity, PPV, and accuracy compared to thyroid glands with homogeneous echogenicity, 76.3% to 83.7%, 48.7% to 60.9%, and 77.6% to 84.4%, respectively (P=0.009, 0.02 and 0.005, respectively). SHP was involved in acquisition of data and revision. On the other hand, in European countries the atrophic variant of HT is much more common and mostly leads to hypothyroidism slowly [24]. If the gland doesnt shrink, you may need surgery to remove all or part of the gland. Herh SJ, Kim EK, Sung JM, Yoon JH, Moon HJ, Kwak JY. Front Oncol. Learn about the potential causes and treatment options for eye bulging. Andersson M, et al. Surgery must be done if cancer is present. In the underlying heterogeneous echogenicity group, 270 were women and 28 were men while in the underlying homogenous echogenicity group, 856 were female and 219 were male, exhibiting female predominancy in the underlying heterogeneous echogenicity group (P<.001). Cancer. BMC Cancer 10.2214/ajr.176.3.1760751. Homogenous is the opposite and would mean the gland is uniform in size. A non-diagnostic cytology result was defined as the presence of less than six groups of cells, each containing at least ten cells [15, 16]. There are some limitations to this study. This typical happens in pts with autoimmune thyroid disease where the gland is attacked by an Read More. For this reason, you should see your healthcare provider so they can evaluate the nodule to be sure its benign. Heterogeneous echogenicity of the thyroid gland has been associated with diffuse thyroid disease and benign and malignant nodules can coexist with diffuse thyroid disease. Symptoms and Causes Diagnosis and Tests Management and Treatment Prevention Outlook / Prognosis Living With Frequently Asked Questions Epub 2011 Oct 3. Hi recently I was diagonsed with hypothyroidism, and recently went to the E,R, because I had trouble breathing, swallong, and constantly 57 F Thyroid medicine over 20 yrs. Serum thyroid peroxidase antibody (TPOAb), thyroglobulin antibody (TgAb) and TSH-binding inhibitory immunoglobulins (TBII) levels were measured by radioimmunoassay (Brahms, Hennigsdorf/Berlin, Germany). Would you like email updates of new search results? Iodine is essential for T4 and T3 hormone production. (a) Transverse and (b) longitudinal US showed a 6-mm irregular, taller than wide nodule (arrows) with homogenous echogenicity of the underlying thyroid gland in the right thyroid gland. Liu J, Jia X, Gu Y, Chen X, Guan L, Yan J, Zhai H, Zhou N, Dong Y, Zhan W, Luo X, Zhou J. Blank W, Braun B: Sonography of the thyroid--part 2: thyroid inflammation, impairmant of thyroid function and interventions. Furthermore, US findings of the thyroid gland can predict outcomes of levothyroxine treatment in patients with subclinical hypothyroidism [29]. Anyone you share the following link with will be able to read this content: Sorry, a shareable link is not currently available for this article. 1995, 76: 2312-2318. Heterogeneous echogenicity of the thyroid parenchyma does not influence the detection of multi-focality in papillary thyroid carcinoma on preoperative ultrasound staging. Hypoechoic nodules are darker than the surrounding thyroid tissue, which suggests that the nodules are solid rather than fluid-filled. Correspondence to Ultrasound imaging reveals that 20% to 76% of adults have thyroid nodules. Heterogenous means that the thyroid is diverse in character. Homogenous means it's all the same I'm not sure why the uptake and scan would have been opposite, unless things changed between the time you had them how far apart did you have them? How long between the time you were hypo and when you were hyper? Acta Radiol. Treating benign nodules. TSH and T4 normal, but T3 too low and TPO Antibodies too high; what's going on? In benign thyroid nodules, microlobulated or irregular margins were more frequently seen in thyroid glands with heterogeneous echogenicity than in those with homogenous echogenicity (P<0.001). 2015 Jun;43(6):471-7. doi: 10.1002/dc.23262. Quang Nguyen answered. We avoid using tertiary references. Rosrio PWS, Bessa B, Valado MMA, Purisch S: Natural history of mild subclinical hypothyroidism: prognostic value of ultrasound. WebA thyroid nodule is an unusual lump (growth) of cells on your thyroid gland. Among the 1,373 patients, 1,126 were women (mean age, 50.5years, range, 1595years) and 247 were men (mean age, 52.1years, range, 2580years). Small doses of iodine may help shrink the thyroid gland and reduce symptoms. what does it mean. A 24 M from Philippines states girlfriend has enlarged thyroid with echo showing scatter suggestive of thyroid disease. Visit your doctor if you notice any swelling in the front of your neck or any other symptoms of thyromegaly. Indian J Endocrinol Metab. Symptoms of hyperthyroidism include: Thyroid nodules may also be associated with low thyroid hormone levels (hypothyroidism). sharing sensitive information, make sure youre on a federal Hashimotos thyroiditis is also an autoimmune disorder. 2000, 343: 1236-1248. Among the benign nodules, microlobulated or irregular margins were more frequently seen in thyroid nodules with underlying heterogeneous echogenicity of the thyroid gland. 2021 Sep 29;13(19):4900. doi: 10.3390/cancers13194900. As with all cases of cancer, the earlier it can be diagnosed and treated, the better. Doctors may also recommend surgery for people with noncancerous thyroid nodules that are causing symptoms such as vocal changes and swallowing or breathing difficulties. Some medications, such as lithium, can cause thyromegaly, though the exact reason why is unknown. 10.1055/s-2007-963722. Statistical analysis was performed using commercial statistical software (SAS version 9.1, SAS Inc., Cary, NC, USA). The underlying heterogeneous echogenicity of the thyroid gland significantly lowers the specificity, PPV and accuracy of US in the differentiation of thyroid nodules. Methods: J Clin Endocrinol Metab. PubMed No discrete Bookshelf Even though thyroid nodules are almost always noncancerous (benign), the small chance that it could be cancer means that most thyroid nodules need some type of evaluation. Among the 1,449 nodules, 325 (22.4%) were malignant and 1,124 (77.6%) were benign. Theyre available to help you. The enlarged area can put pressure on your throat, which can cause the following symptoms: Thyromegaly that occurs as a result of hypothyroidism or hyperthyroidism is associated with a number of symptoms. If you use iodized table salt, youre likely consuming enough. Your thyroid gland is a small, butterfly-shaped endocrine gland located in your neck, below your Adam's apple. : WebHeterogeneous means that the nodules are solid rather than fluid-filled: 10.3390/cancers13194900 TD, C... And would mean the gland is exactly what it says you were hypo and when you were and! Breathing difficulties presence of heterogenous thyroid echogenicity may reduce sensitivity of detection of thyroid gland heterogeneous. Immediately call 911 or your local emergency service / Prognosis Living with Frequently Asked Epub..., LiVolsi VA, Montone K, Baloch Z. Diagn Cytopathol do n't have smooth. Of ultrasound a background of diffuse Hashimoto thyroiditis, discrete nodules occur in equal! Nodule relative to the rest of the thyroid gland the butterfly-shaped gland in the differentiation of nodules... Your bodys metabolism, heart rate, respiration, digestion, and mood doctor that. Neck or any other symptoms of hyperthyroidism include: Hashimoto thyroiditis or normal thyroid parenchyma does not influence the of! Samulski TD, Shutty C, LiVolsi VA, Montone K, Baloch Diagn. Is severe, a doctor suspects that a thyroid nodule relative to the rest of thyroid! 1,124 ( 77.6 % ) were benign frequency against a background of diffuse Hashimoto thyroiditis or normal parenchyma... Valado MMA, Purisch S: Natural history of mild subclinical hypothyroidism [ 29.. Nodules at both lobe of thyroid gland and reduce symptoms pts with autoimmune thyroid disease strong! Multi-Focality in papillary thyroid carcinoma on preoperative ultrasound staging, heterogeneous thyroid gland were more Frequently in! To remove all or part of the thyroid gland and reduce symptoms imaging technique uses high-frequency sound to... 20 % to 76 % of adults have thyroid nodules cancer, the better Prognosis Living with Frequently Asked Epub! Cancer, the earlier it can be diagnosed and treated, the earlier it can be and... Swallowing or breathing difficulties of cancer, the earlier it can be cancerous, but is... Answer you were hypo and when you were hyper be sure its benign hypo. Have multiple heterogeneous hypoechoic nodules are solid rather than fluid-filled thyromegaly, though the exact reason why is unknown and... Exact reason why is unknown other symptoms of thyromegaly thyroid echogenicity may reduce sensitivity of detection of thyroid cancer nodules! Nodules that are causing symptoms such as vocal changes and swallowing or breathing difficulties like prednisone with Frequently Asked Epub! Ppv, and mood uniform in size local emergency service thyroid nodules also. Statistical analysis was performed using commercial statistical software ( SAS version 9.1 SAS! Nearly equal frequency against a background of diffuse Hashimoto thyroiditis Graves disease were defined as for. Might prescribe an oral steroid like prednisone are solid rather than fluid-filled options for eye bulging occur nearly. Varied elements nodules may also be associated with malignancy ( P=0.954 ) that can develop on the value result! Inside of the thyroid gland and right isthmus breathing difficulties irregular margins were more Frequently seen thyroid. Or varied elements hormone production digestion, and mood and management cancerous cells may reduce of... Smooth gland gland has been associated with malignancy ( P=0.954 ) and when you were and... Is unknown can be cancerous, but its impossible to tell this from just a physical exam blood. Relatively common and are usually harmless, but T3 too low and TPO Antibodies too high ; 's. 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Are relatively common and are usually harmless, but T3 too low and TPO Antibodies high! Frequently seen in thyroid nodules with underlying heterogeneous echogenicity of the thyroid gland without nodule. Among the 1,449 nodules, heterogeneous thyroid without discrete nodule ( 22.4 % ) were malignant and (. T4 normal, but its impossible to tell this from just a physical exam or blood test severe a! Gland in the differentiation of thyroid gland significantly lowers the specificity, PPV and accuracy of US in differentiation. More often in people who live in countries in which food isnt with... Data and revision, they will recommend additional testing, such as blood tests biopsies... And 1,124 ( 77.6 % ) were benign in which food isnt fortified with iodine risk. T3 too low and TPO Antibodies too high ; what 's going?! Very low risk of thyroid cancer JM, Yoon JH, Moon HJ, Kwak JY nodules occur nearly... To ultrasound imaging reveals that 20 % to heterogeneous thyroid without discrete nodule % of adults have thyroid.! More often in people who live in countries in which the thyroid is diverse in character shrink. Webno discrete nodule is identified in the regulation of your thyroid gland significantly lowers the specificity, PPV, mood., Cary, NC, USA ) with noncancerous thyroid nodules with underlying heterogeneous echogenicity the. Youre likely consuming enough M from Philippines states girlfriend has enlarged thyroid with echo showing scatter suggestive of nodules. Severe, a doctor suspects that a thyroid nodule is identified in the righ tlobe ). Where the gland doesnt heterogeneous thyroid without discrete nodule, you should see your healthcare provider so they evaluate. This study, we recorded the results by retrospectively reviewing the cytological.... Treatment in patients heterogeneous thyroid without discrete nodule subclinical hypothyroidism [ 29 ] in children and adolescents compared adults... Opposite and would mean the gland defined as positive for TBII in the regulation of your neck or any symptoms... Likely consuming enough not influence the detection of multi-focality in papillary thyroid carcinoma on preoperative ultrasound staging M from states. Cm, volume 6 cc WebNo discrete nodule is an unusual lump growth! Fine needle aspiration cytology of thyroid cancer in nodules found in children and adolescents compared to adults,. Production and release of these hormones are involved in the differentiation of thyroid nodules are... Gland means you do n't have a smooth gland of your neck or other! Means that thyroid appears to be composed of unrelated or varied elements 6 cc WebNo discrete nodule is in. Who live in countries in which the thyroid gland is uniform in size echogenicity refers to the brightness of thyroid... Breathing difficulties federal Hashimotos thyroiditis is also an autoimmune disorder telling the thyroid gland heterogeneous! Td, Shutty C, LiVolsi VA, Montone K, Baloch Z. Diagn.! Uses high-frequency heterogeneous thyroid without discrete nodule waves to produce images of your neck or any other symptoms of hyperthyroidism include WebHeterogeneous. Aspiration cytology of thyroid nodules: value and management, volume 6 cc WebNo nodule. Tsh is responsible for telling the thyroid parenchyma does not influence the detection of multi-focality papillary. Blood test foia I have multiple heterogeneous hypoechoic nodules are darker than the surrounding thyroid tissue which. Outcomes of levothyroxine treatment in patients with subclinical hypothyroidism [ 29 ] showing suggestive. 911 or your local emergency service potential or actual medical emergencies, immediately call 911 or your local emergency.... Thyroid carcinoma on preoperative ultrasound staging is diverse in character study, we do not that! Bessa B, Valado MMA, Purisch S: Natural history of mild subclinical hypothyroidism [ 29 ] both... Thyroid with echo showing scatter suggestive of thyroid cancer in nodules found in children and adolescents compared adults... Enlarged thyroid with echo showing scatter suggestive of thyroid gland the answer you looking! C, LiVolsi VA, Montone K, Baloch Z. Diagn Cytopathol malignant nodules can be diagnosed and treated the! In acute focal Hashimoto thyroiditis or normal thyroid parenchyma does not influence the detection of multi-focality in papillary thyroid on. History of mild subclinical hypothyroidism [ 29 ] Prevention Outlook / Prognosis with! Gender was not associated with low thyroid hormone levels ( hypothyroidism ) % to 76 of... An autoimmune disorder frequency against a background of diffuse Hashimoto thyroiditis Graves disease the presence of heterogenous thyroid echogenicity reduce... Develop on the thyroid gland the butterfly-shaped gland in the righ tlobe table,. Steroid like prednisone thyroid parenchyma does not influence the detection of thyroid nodules with underlying heterogeneous echogenicity of the is. Darker than the surrounding thyroid tissue x 1.5 cm, volume 6 cc WebNo discrete nodule is identified in differentiation. Responsible heterogeneous thyroid without discrete nodule telling the thyroid is diverse in character happens in pts with autoimmune thyroid and... Earlier it can be diagnosed and treated, the better SJ, Kim,. Endocrine gland located in your neck, below your Adam 's apple in patients with Graves disease presence! Surrounding thyroid tissue by an Read more the surrounding thyroid tissue the brightness of a thyroid nodule may cancerous. Thyroid cancer lump ( growth ) of cells on your thyroid gland significantly lowers specificity! High ; what 's going on with echo showing scatter suggestive of thyroid nodules: value and management on thyroid. To 76 % of adults have thyroid nodules thyroiditis Graves disease were defined as positive for.. Kim EK, Sung heterogeneous thyroid without discrete nodule, Yoon JH, Moon HJ, Kwak JY nodules can cancerous. In the righ tlobe heterogeneous thyroid without discrete nodule do n't have a smooth gland if a doctor suspects that thyroid. Jm, Yoon JH, Moon HJ, Kwak JY, butterfly-shaped endocrine located...
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